Province-level flood-irrigated area (ha) of the target crops, grouped into Verra VM0042 quantification domains (crop functional group × climate–soil region, R1–R5). Select a region and one or more crops to explore drip-conversion potential.
Province-level flood-irrigated area (hectares) of the target crops, from published institutional/local reports and interviews with irrigation unions, cooperatives, distributors and independent agriculture engineers from the relevant regions. Only the regions with flood-irrigated target crops are shown. Kızılırmak, Susurluk, Kuzey Ege, Akarçay, Sakarya, Meriç-Ergene, Marmara, Doğu Karadeniz, Çoruh, Aras and Van Gölü basins are screened out. Select one or more crops to color each province by the combined flood-irrigated area of the selection. Darker shading = larger flood-irrigated area (drip-conversion potential). Hover a province for the crop breakdown.
| Domain | Crop | CFG × R | Cities | Total potential (ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D1 | Corn | CFG1 × R1 Warm Temp Dry × Clay loam | Adana, Manisa, Aydın, Düzce, Mersin, İzmir, Amasya, Antalya | 218,849 |
| D2a | Wheat | CFG2 × R1 Warm Temp Dry × Clay loam | Adana, Manisa, Aydın, Düzce, Mersin, İzmir, Amasya, Antalya | 130,349 |
| D2b | Sunflower | CFG2 × R1 Warm Temp Dry × Clay loam | Adana, Manisa, Aydın, Düzce, Mersin, İzmir, Amasya, Antalya | 4,432 |
| D2c | Cotton | CFG2 × R1 Warm Temp Dry × Clay loam | Adana, Manisa, Aydın, Düzce, Mersin, İzmir, Amasya, Antalya | 117,745 |
| D3 | Soybean | CFG3 × R1 Warm Temp Dry × Clay loam | Adana, Manisa, Aydın, Düzce, Mersin, İzmir, Amasya, Antalya | 28,954 |
| D4 | Wheat | CFG2 × R2 Warm Temp Dry × Silty clay loam | Konya | 44,600 |
| D5 | Corn | CFG1 × R3 Warm Temp Dry × Clay/Silty clay | Mardin, Kahramanmaraş, Şanlıurfa | 156,300 |
| D6a | Wheat | CFG2 × R3 Warm Temp Dry × Clay/Silty clay | Mardin, Kahramanmaraş, Şanlıurfa | 419,618 |
| D6b | Cotton | CFG2 × R3 Warm Temp Dry × Clay/Silty clay | Mardin, Kahramanmaraş, Şanlıurfa | 103,986 |
| D7 | Corn | CFG1 × R4 Warm Temp Dry × Loam | Hatay, Muğla | 11,785 |
| D8 | Cotton | CFG2 × R4 Warm Temp Dry × Loam | Hatay, Muğla | 25,959 |
| D9 | Soybean | CFG3 × R4 Warm Temp Dry × Loam | Hatay, Muğla | 920 |
| TOTAL | 1,263,497 | |||
Blank cells indicate the crop is not flood-irrigated in that province (e.g., already under drip, or not grown).
| Crop | N-fix | A/P | C3/C4 | Growth form | Flooded | CFG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corn | No | Annual | C4 | herbaceous | No | CFG-1 |
| Wheat | No | Annual | C3 | herbaceous | No | CFG-2 |
| Sunflower | No | Annual | C3 | herbaceous | No | CFG-2 |
| Cotton | No | Annual | C3 | herbaceous | No | CFG-2 |
| Soybean | Yes | Annual | C3 | herbaceous | No | CFG-3 |
| Rice | No | Annual | C3 | herbaceous | Yes | CFG-4 |
Crops are grouped considering the criteria indicated by Verra (VMD0053). Rice is shown in the table but is not considered in the analysis.
| Basin | City | Climate zone | Clay 0–5 | Clay 5–15 | Clay 15–30 | Sand 0–5 | Sand 5–15 | Sand 15–30 | Clay 0–30 | Sand 0–30 | Soil Texture Class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seyhan | Adana | Warm Temperate Dry | 416 | 402 | 383 | 240 | 235 | 213 | 395 | 225 | Clay loam |
| Fırat–Dicle | Mardin | Warm Temperate Dry | 379 | 382 | 428 | 170 | 170 | 148 | 405 | 159 | Silty clay |
| Konya Kapalı | Konya | Warm Temperate Dry | 330 | 340 | 355 | 190 | 180 | 170 | 346 | 177 | Silty clay loam |
| Ceyhan | Kahramanmaraş | Warm Temperate Dry | 406 | 423 | 466 | 200 | 195 | 176 | 442 | 186 | Clay |
| Gediz | Manisa | Warm Temperate Dry | 283 | 322 | 382 | 333 | 321 | 296 | 346 | 311 | Clay loam |
| Büyük Menderes | Aydın | Warm Temperate Dry | 370 | 382 | 404 | 223 | 220 | 201 | 391 | 211 | Clay loam |
| Batı Karadeniz | Düzce | Warm Temperate Dry | 280 | 291 | 322 | 289 | 286 | 267 | 305 | 277 | Clay loam |
| Batı Karadeniz | Kastamonu | Cool Temperate Dry | 316 | 320 | 346 | 297 | 291 | 284 | 332 | 289 | Clay loam |
| Doğu Akdeniz | Mersin | Warm Temperate Dry | 342 | 314 | 367 | 300 | 320 | 292 | 345 | 303 | Clay loam |
| Küçük Menderes | İzmir | Warm Temperate Dry | 316 | 331 | 356 | 288 | 281 | 260 | 341 | 272 | Clay loam |
| Asi | Hatay | Warm Temperate Dry | 256 | 244 | 218 | 309 | 334 | 354 | 233 | 340 | Loam |
| Yeşilırmak | Amasya | Warm Temperate Dry | 313 | 327 | 339 | 249 | 235 | 208 | 331 | 224 | Clay loam |
| Yeşilırmak | Tokat | Cool Temperate Dry | 264 | 284 | 321 | 328 | 323 | 302 | 299 | 313 | Clay loam |
| Antalya | Antalya | Warm Temperate Dry | 233 | 259 | 306 | 291 | 289 | 255 | 278 | 272 | Clay loam |
| Batı Akdeniz | Muğla | Warm Temperate Dry | 224 | 224 | 219 | 464 | 475 | 482 | 222 | 477 | Loam |
Some basins were screened out after interviews; this list includes the ones that passed the stage. Clay/sand contents (g kg−1) are based on SoilGrids, and soil texture class is derived using the USDA soil texture calculator. IPCC climate zones are used (IPCC climate zone map).
To credit N2O reductions with a process-based model (VM0042 Approach 1), the model prediction error (σmodel) must come from validating the model against measured data. The studies below report N2O model–validation errors, filtered to the project's climate (all Warm Temperate Dry) and comparable soils. The RMSE (kg N2O–N ha−1 season−1) is converted to σmodel in tCO2e ha−1 using the AR6 N2O GWP: × (44/28) × 273 / 1000. Studies matching a domain's climate × soil texture are prioritized.
| Model | Crop | Country | Soil | RRMSE | RMSE (kg N2O–N/ha) | σmodel (tCO2e/ha) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DayCent | Wheat | Australia | Clay | — | 0.100 | 0.043 | link ↗ |
| DayCent | Cotton | Australia | Clay | — | 0.540 | 0.232 | link ↗ |
| DNDC | Corn | Spain | Silty clay loam / clay loam | — | 0.030 | 0.013 | link ↗ |
| DNDC | Corn | China | Loam | — | 0.066 | 0.028 | link ↗ |
| STICS | Wheat | Spain | Clay loam, silty clay loam | 45.6% | 0.324 | 0.139 | link ↗ |
| ARMOSA | Sunflower | Italy | Silty clay loam | — | 0.017 | 0.007–0.074 | link ↗ |
| ARMOSA | Wheat | Italy | Silty clay loam | — | 0.106 | 0.046 | link ↗ |
| ARMOSA | Soybean (lentil proxy) | Italy | Silty clay loam | — | 0.074 | 0.032 | link ↗ |
These ranges are drawn in the Monte-Carlo simulation of the MRV optimization. σmodel is the irreducible model-error floor: more sampling reduces sampling error but never this term.
| Crop | σmodel range (tCO2e/ha) | Distribution to simulate | Studies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corn | 0.013 – 0.028 | Uniform(0.013, 0.028) | DNDC — Spain, China |
| Wheat | 0.043 – 0.139 | Uniform(0.043, 0.139) | DayCent, ARMOSA, STICS |
| Cotton | ≈ 0.232 | Point / sensitivity (single study) | DayCent — Australia |
| Sunflower | 0.007 – 0.074 | Uniform(0.007, 0.074) | ARMOSA — Italy |
| Soybean | ≈ 0.032 | Point / sensitivity (lentil proxy) | ARMOSA — Italy |
Corn — the carbon core — has the tightest, lowest σmodel (0.013–0.028), so its deduction floor is small. Cotton and soybean rest on a single study each and are treated conservatively (point value + sensitivity) until more domain-matched validations are added. As the analysis proceeds, studies whose climate × soil match a specific domain will be prioritized over generic ones.
Flood-irrigated area figures are compiled from provincial agricultural directorate (İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü) reports, provincial environmental status reports, chambers of commerce/exchanges, and T.R. Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry crop reports, supplemented by interviews with irrigation unions, cooperatives, distributors and independent agricultural engineers from the relevant regions.